Lu\u00f4n th\u00eam axit v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/strong>, tr\u00e1nh l\u00e0m ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n.<\/li><\/ul>\nOleum \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c pha lo\u00e3ng v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra axit sulfuric mong mu\u1ed1n (H2SO4). Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u1edbi oleum.\n<\/p>
\ud83d\udccc H\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf<\/strong>:<\/p>- Ch\u1ec9 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf<\/strong>, kh\u00f4ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n\n
- C\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd<\/strong> nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 & \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/li><\/ul>
<\/span>\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit sunfuric trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>Quy tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf H\u2082SO\u2084 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong> \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/strong>, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u00ednh:<\/p>- \u2705 B\u01b0\u1edbc 1: \u0110\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh ho\u1eb7c tinh ch\u1ebf qu\u1eb7ng pyrit \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o SO\u2082<\/strong> S+O2\u2192SO2<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng qu\u1eb7ng s\u1eaft FeS\u2082<\/strong>: 4FeS2+11O2\u21922Fe2O3+8SO2\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n\n
- \u2705 B\u01b0\u1edbc 2: Oxi h\u00f3a SO\u2082 th\u00e0nh SO\u2083 d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao (450\u00b0C)<\/strong> 2SO2+O2\u21922SO3<\/span><\/span>\u00a0S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c V\u2082O\u2085<\/strong> \u0111\u1ec3 t\u0103ng t\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng.<\/li>\n\n
- \u2705 B\u01b0\u1edbc 3: H\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 SO\u2083 b\u1eb1ng axit sunfuric \u0111\u1eadm \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o oleum<\/strong> SO3+H2SO4\u2192H2S2O7<\/span>\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 b\u01b0\u1edbc quan tr\u1ecdng gi\u00fap chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a SO\u2083 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch an to\u00e0n.<\/li>\n\n
- \u2705 B\u01b0\u1edbc 4: Pha lo\u00e3ng oleum \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o axit sunfuric th\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u1ea9m<\/strong> H2S2O7+H2O\u21922H2SO4<\/span>\u200b<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li><\/ul>
\u26a0 L\u01b0u \u00fd<\/strong>: Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, vi\u1ec7c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t<\/strong> l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i SO\u2082 ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.\nNh\u01b0 v\u1eady, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit sunfuric<\/strong> trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qua 4 b\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00eau, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf H2SO4<\/strong>trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/strong>, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 \u00e1p su\u1ea5t l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t quan tr\u1ecdng. Ph\u1ea3i gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m.\n<\/p>\ud83d\udcca Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t H\u2082SO\u2084:<\/p>
- T\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a SO\u2082 \u2192 SO\u2083: 98-99%.<\/li>\n\n
- S\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y: 500.000 – 2.000.000 t\u1ea5n\/n\u0103m.<\/li><\/ul>
<\/span>So S\u00e1nh C\u00e1c Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng Ph\u00e1p \u0110i\u1ec1u Ch\u1ebf H\u2082SO\u2084<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>| Ti\u00eau ch\u00ed<\/th> | Ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong><\/th>C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p (ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac)<\/strong><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>Quy m\u00f4<\/strong><\/td>| Nh\u1ecf<\/td> | R\u1ea5t l\u1edbn<\/td><\/tr> | Nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft<\/strong><\/td>| 250 – 450\u00b0C<\/td> | 450 – 500\u00b0C<\/td><\/tr> | Ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c<\/strong><\/td>| Kh\u00f4ng b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c<\/td> | V\u2082O\u2085<\/td><\/tr> | Hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/td>| ~70%<\/td> | 98 – 99%<\/td><\/tr> | Application<\/strong><\/td>| Th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u<\/td> | S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i<\/td><\/tr> | Chi ph\u00ed<\/strong><\/td>| Cao<\/td> | Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure> \ud83d\udccc Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t<\/strong>:<\/p>- Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac<\/strong> l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/li>\n\n
- \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/strong> ch\u1ec9 ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p cho nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u ho\u1eb7c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 nh\u1ecf.<\/li><\/ul>
<\/span>Nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd khi \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit sunfuric:<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\nKhi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf axit sunfuric<\/strong>, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd quan tr\u1ecdng:\n<\/p>- An to\u00e0n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t<\/strong>:
- Lu\u00f4n \u0111eo b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 lao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/strong>: K\u00ednh, g\u0103ng tay, \u00e1o b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9.<\/li>\n\n
- Tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi da & m\u1eaft<\/strong>, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y b\u1ecfng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/li>\n\n
- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ecbu axit<\/strong>, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef H\u2082SO\u2084 \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t<\/strong>.
- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed3n, chai, phuy ho\u1eb7c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ef1ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ecbu axit v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0103n m\u00f2n kim lo\u1ea1i. \u0110\u1eady k\u00edn n\u1eafp sau khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh s\u1ef1 bay h\u01a1i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/li>\n\n
- L\u01b0u tr\u1eef axit H2SO4 \u1edf n\u01a1i kh\u00f4 r\u00e1o, tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t, tr\u00e1nh \u00e1nh n\u1eafng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea7n c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t baz\u01a1 ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed.<\/li>\n\n
- Tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t baz\u01a1 m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed, v\u00ec H2SO4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 t\u1ea1o ra nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n
- Ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng<\/strong>:
- Kh\u00ed SO\u2082 d\u01b0 th\u1eeba<\/strong> ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.
- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tho\u00e1t kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0 kh\u00ed SO2, SO3, t\u1eeb qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t.<\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n
- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng
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