<\/span><\/h3>N\u01b0\u1edbc Javen c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 NaClO (Sodium Hypochlorite), bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh:<\/span><\/p>- NaClO (6 – 12%) <\/strong>\u2013 H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh v\u1edbi kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng, kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng, oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- NaCl (Mu\u1ed1i \u0103n)<\/strong> \u2013 Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5, gi\u00fap \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh dung d\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- H\u2082O (N\u01b0\u1edbc) <\/strong>\u2013 Dung m\u00f4i h\u00f2a tan v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh kh\u1ecfi ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y nhanh.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
![\"\"](\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\")
<\/figure><\/div><\/span>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng \u0110i\u1ec1u Ch\u1ebf N\u01b0\u1edbc Javen:<\/b><\/span><\/h3>N\u01b0\u1edbc Javen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh khi s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed Clo (Cl\u2082) v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Natri Hydroxit (NaOH):<\/span><\/p>- Cl2+2NaOH\u2192NaCl+NaClO+H2O<\/span>
- NaClO: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- NaCl: Mu\u1ed1i \u0103n, kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t dung d\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- H\u2082O: Dung m\u00f4i gi\u00fap dung d\u1ecbch \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>
<\/span>V\u00ec Sao N\u01b0\u1edbc Javen C\u00f3 T\u00ednh Oxi H\u00f3a M\u1ea1nh?<\/b><\/span><\/h3>N\u01b0\u1edbc Javen c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh do ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Axit Hypochlorous (HOCl) trong n\u01b0\u1edbc:<\/strong><\/p>- NaClO+H2O\u21ccHOCl+NaOH<\/span>
- HOCl d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y, t\u1ea1o Oxy nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (O) gi\u00fap ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi khu\u1ea9n, virus, n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c, l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Javen khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao:<\/b><\/p>- 2NaClO\u21922NaCl+O2\u2191<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, n\u01b0\u1edbc Javen c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n n\u01a1i tho\u00e1ng m\u00e1t, tr\u00e1nh \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p><\/span>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng H\u00f3a H\u1ecdc Quan Tr\u1ecdng C\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Javen<\/b><\/span><\/h2>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc Javen<\/b>\n<\/b> Qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc Javen di\u1ec5n ra khi s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed Clo v\u00e0o dung d\u1ecbch Natri Hydroxit (NaOH), t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Sodium Hypochlorite (NaClO):<\/span><\/p>- Cl2\u200b+2NaOH\u2192NaCl+NaClO+H2\u200bO<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m t\u1ea1o ra:<\/b><\/p>- NaClO<\/b>: Th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u00ednh, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- NaCl<\/b>: Mu\u1ed1i \u0103n, kh\u00f4ng \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- H\u2082O<\/b>: Dung m\u00f4i gi\u1eef \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh dung d\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/b> Khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, n\u01b0\u1edbc Javen d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh mu\u1ed1i \u0103n v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng kh\u00ed oxy (O\u2082). Do \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ec3 duy tr\u00ec hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/p><\/span>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng Ph\u00e2n H\u1ee7y C\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Javen (\u1ea2nh H\u01b0\u1edfng \u0110\u1ebfn Ch\u1ea5t L\u01b0\u1ee3ng)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>- Khi ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, n\u01b0\u1edbc Javen b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y:<\/span>
- 2NaClO\u21922NaCl+O2\u200b\u2191<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>
\u0110\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh m\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n n\u01b0\u1edbc Javen \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 d\u01b0\u1edbi 25\u00b0C v\u00e0 tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac \u00e1nh n\u1eafng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp.<\/span><\/p><\/span>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng V\u1edbi Axit – Nguy Hi\u1ec3m Khi S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng Sai C\u00e1ch<\/b><\/span><\/h3>- N\u1ebfu tr\u1ed9n n\u01b0\u1edbc Javen v\u1edbi axit HCl, s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra kh\u00ed Clo \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i:<\/span>
- NaClO+2HCl\u2192Cl2\u200b\u2191+NaCl+H2\u200bO<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>
Tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ed9n n\u01b0\u1edbc Javen v\u1edbi axit ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ph\u00e1t sinh kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/span><\/p><\/span>Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee8ng Oxy H\u00f3a Khi Kh\u1eed Tr\u00f9ng & T\u1ea9y Tr\u1eafng<\/b><\/span><\/h3>- Khi h\u00f2a tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, NaClO t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh Axit Hypochlorous (HOCl) c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n m\u1ea1nh:<\/span>
- NaClO+H2\u200bO\u21ccHOCl+NaOH<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li>\n\n
- HOCl ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y th\u00e0nh oxy nguy\u00ean t\u1eed, gi\u00fap kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf vi khu\u1ea9n, n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n:<\/span>
- HOCl\u2192HCl+O<\/span><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>
<\/figure><\/div><\/span>\u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng C\u1ee7a N\u01b0\u1edbc Javen Trong C\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/span><\/h2>N\u01b0\u1edbc Javen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c nh\u1edd kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng m\u1ea1nh, t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/p><\/span>X\u1eed L\u00fd N\u01b0\u1edbc Th\u1ea3i C\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/span><\/h3>- Ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi khu\u1ea9n, virus, vi sinh v\u1eadt trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- Lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng, ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, d\u1ec7t nhu\u1ed9m, xi m\u1ea1, khu c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
<\/span>T\u1ea9y Tr\u1eafng Trong Ng\u00e0nh D\u1ec7t Nhu\u1ed9m, Gi\u1ea5y, Xi M\u1ea1<\/b><\/span><\/h3>- L\u00e0m tr\u1eafng v\u1ea3i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m h\u01b0 h\u1ea1i c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac s\u1ee3i.<\/span><\/li>\n\n