<\/span><\/h2>Clo (Chlorine – Cl\u2082) l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p quan tr\u1ecdng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m halogen, c\u00f3 t\u00ednh oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3. Nh\u1edd t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, clo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i trong x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc, gi\u00fap ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi khu\u1ea9n, virus v\u00e0 c\u00e1c vi sinh v\u1eadt g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh. V\u1edbi \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng linh ho\u1ea1t, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t clo \u0111\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 thi\u1ebft y\u1ebfu trong c\u00e1c l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c:<\/span><\/p>- X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i: Di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n, lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf m\u00f9i, oxy h\u00f3a kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- Ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t: L\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u ch\u00ednh \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PVC, axit clohidric, dung d\u1ecbch kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m: Kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 y t\u1ebf, d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng \u0111\u00f3ng chai.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- Luy\u1ec7n kim v\u00e0 khai kho\u00e1ng: X\u1eed l\u00fd qu\u1eb7ng kim lo\u1ea1i, tinh ch\u1ebf nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 d\u1ec7t nhu\u1ed9m: L\u00e0m tr\u1eafng v\u1ea3i s\u1ee3i, kh\u1eed t\u1ea1p ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
C\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t clo trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/p>
Do t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t oxy h\u00f3a m\u1ea1nh, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t clo c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t theo c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u:<\/span><\/p>- WHO (T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c Y t\u1ebf Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi): Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c clo trong x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 5 mg\/L.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- EPA (C\u01a1 quan B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 M\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng M\u1ef9): Gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n clo d\u01b0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t d\u01b0\u1edbi 4 mg\/L.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- QCVN (Quy chu\u1ea9n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c gia Vi\u1ec7t Nam): \u00c1p d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
N\u0103m 2024: EU v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eaft ch\u1eb7t ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t clo trong ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, nh\u1eb1m h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf d\u01b0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng trong s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng v\u00e0 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/span>Vi\u1ec7c tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n n\u00e0y gi\u00fap doanh nghi\u1ec7p s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t cl2 an to\u00e0n, tr\u00e1nh t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p><\/span>C\u00e1c D\u1ea1ng Clo Ph\u1ed5 Bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 \u1ee8ng D\u1ee5ng<\/b><\/span><\/h2><\/span>Clo kh\u00ed (Cl2)<\/b><\/span><\/h3>- D\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: Kh\u00ed m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng l\u1ee5c, c\u00f3 m\u00f9i h\u1eafc, ch\u1ee9a trong b\u00ecnh th\u00e9p \u00e1p l\u1ef1c cao.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh: X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t PVC, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 m\u1ea1nh, d\u1ec5 ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t, chi ph\u00ed th\u1ea5p.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: Nguy hi\u1ec3m n\u1ebfu r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng an to\u00e0n cao.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
![\"\"](\"data:image\/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAAAACH5BAEKAAEALAAAAAABAAEAAAICTAEAOw==\")
<\/figure><\/div><\/span>Clo l\u1ecfng<\/b><\/span><\/h3>- D\u1ea1ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao, th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ee9a trong b\u00ecnh ch\u1ee9a chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ch\u00ednh: X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, d\u1ec7t nhu\u1ed9m, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- \u01afu \u0111i\u1ec3m: D\u1ec5 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi clo kh\u00ed, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t cao.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- Nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m: C\u1ea7n b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
<\/figure><\/div><\/span>C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee9a clo ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/b><\/span><\/h2><\/span>Natri Hypochlorite (NaClO) – N\u01b0\u1edbc Javen<\/b><\/span><\/h3>- \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: Kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t, x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i, s\u00e1t khu\u1ea9n trong y t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- D\u1ea1ng l\u1ecfng, d\u1ec5 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
<\/span>Canxi Hypochlorite (Ca(ClO)\u2082) – B\u1ed9t clo<\/b><\/span><\/h3>- \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ed3 b\u01a1i, kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- D\u1ea1ng b\u1ed9t, d\u1ec5 b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n h\u01a1n clo kh\u00ed, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
<\/span>Cloramin B<\/b><\/span><\/h3>- \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: Kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, x\u1eed l\u00fd m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng y t\u1ebf.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- \u00cdt g\u00e2y k\u00edch \u1ee9ng h\u01a1n clo kh\u00ed nh\u01b0ng hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t x\u1eed l\u00fd k\u00e9m h\u01a1n.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
<\/span> So s\u00e1nh clo v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c<\/b><\/span><\/h2>| H\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng<\/b><\/td> | Hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 di\u1ec7t khu\u1ea9n<\/b><\/td> | T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ee5<\/b><\/td> | \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/b><\/td><\/tr>| Clo (Cl\u2082)<\/span><\/td> | Cao<\/span><\/td> | C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i<\/span><\/td> | X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/span><\/td><\/tr>| Ozone (O\u2083)<\/span><\/td> | R\u1ea5t cao<\/span><\/td> | D\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y<\/span><\/td> | Kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng, b\u1ec3 b\u01a1i<\/span><\/td><\/tr>| UV (Tia c\u1ef1c t\u00edm)<\/span><\/td> | Cao<\/span><\/td> | Kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng sau khi x\u1eed l\u00fd<\/span><\/td> | Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ec7nh vi\u1ec7n<\/span><\/td><\/tr>| Hydrogen Peroxide (H\u2082O\u2082)<\/span><\/td> | Trung b\u00ecnh<\/span><\/td> | Kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh, d\u1ec5 ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y<\/span><\/td> | Kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb y t\u1ebf, th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m<\/span><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure><\/span>C\u00e1ch S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng Clo Trong X\u1eed L\u00fd N\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 C\u00f4ng Nghi\u1ec7p<\/b><\/span><\/h2><\/span>X\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ea5p v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i b\u1eb1ng clo<\/b><\/span><\/h3>Trong x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc, Cl2 gi\u00fap lo\u1ea1i b\u1ecf vi khu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y h\u1ea1i, c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3:<\/span><\/p>- N\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t:<\/strong> h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t Clo \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u00e2m v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1edbi li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ec3 ti\u00eau di\u1ec7t vi khu\u1ea9n, ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n d\u1ecbch b\u1ec7nh.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p:<\/strong> Oxy h\u00f3a kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft, mangan, ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
<\/span>L\u01b0u \u00fd:<\/b> L\u01b0\u1ee3ng clo d\u01b0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc sau x\u1eed l\u00fd c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o an to\u00e0n.<\/span>Quy tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng clo trong x\u1eed l\u00fd n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/b><\/p>- Ki\u1ec3m tra \u0111\u1ed9 pH v\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1eed l\u00fd.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- T\u00ednh to\u00e1n li\u1ec1u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng clo c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft, th\u01b0\u1eddng dao \u0111\u1ed9ng 1 – 10 mg\/L t\u00f9y theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n x\u1ea3 th\u1ea3i.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- D\u00f9ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng ch\u00e2m cl2 d\u1ea1ng kh\u00ed ho\u1eb7c dung d\u1ecbch v\u00e0o d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- Theo d\u00f5i clo d\u01b0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc sau x\u1eed l\u00fd, \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng v\u01b0\u1ee3t ng\u01b0\u1ee1ng an to\u00e0n (<0.5 mg\/L cho n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t, <1 mg\/L cho n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i).<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
<\/figure><\/div><\/span>Clo trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, nh\u1ef1a PVC, s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t gi\u1ea5y<\/b><\/span><\/h3>- D\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t axit clohidric, thu\u1ed1c t\u1ea9y, ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed tr\u00f9ng.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- L\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00ednh trong t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p nh\u1ef1a PVC, clo h\u00f3a dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng trong c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 t\u1ea9y tr\u1eafng b\u1ed9t gi\u1ea5y, s\u1ee3i d\u1ec7t, v\u1ea3i s\u1ee3i.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
<\/span>H\u01b0\u1edbng D\u1eabn B\u1ea3o Qu\u1ea3n v\u00e0 V\u1eadn Chuy\u1ec3n Clo An To\u00e0n<\/b><\/span><\/h2>B\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n clo kh\u00ed v\u00e0 clo l\u1ecfng<\/b><\/p>- Clo kh\u00ed c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong b\u00ecnh th\u00e9p ch\u1ecbu \u00e1p l\u1ef1c, \u0111\u1eb7t \u1edf khu v\u1ef1c th\u00f4ng tho\u00e1ng, tr\u00e1nh ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ngu\u1ed3n nhi\u1ec7t.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- Clo l\u1ecfng c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng, c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o r\u00f2 r\u1ec9.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
L\u01b0u tr\u1eef h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t cl2<\/b><\/p>- Natri Hypochlorite v\u00e0 Canxi Hypochlorite c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ea3o qu\u1ea3n trong th\u00f9ng nh\u1ef1a chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh ph\u00e2n h\u1ee7y.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
Quy tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n clo theo ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n an to\u00e0n<\/b>Cl2 l\u00e0 h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t nguy hi\u1ec3m, do \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n:<\/span><\/p>- S\u1eed d\u1ee5ng xe chuy\u00ean d\u1ee5ng c\u00f3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng gi\u1eef \u00e1p su\u1ea5t \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- Kh\u00f4ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n chung v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y, axit ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t kh\u1eed m\u1ea1nh.<\/span><\/li>\n\n
- Nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1ec9 an to\u00e0n h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t.<\/span><\/li><\/ul>
<\/span>Nh\u1eefng Nguy C\u01a1 Khi S\u1eed D\u1ee5ng Clo v\u00e0 Bi\u1ec7n Ph\u00e1p Ph\u00f2ng Ng\u1eeba<\/b>
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